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專(zhuān)八備考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.
2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位學(xué)；在語(yǔ)言或一門(mén)語(yǔ)言中，對(duì)有關(guān)其分類(lèi)和模式以及為大家所默認(rèn)的發(fā)音規(guī)則的研究音韻學(xué), 音系學(xué)。
3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究詞或其它句子成分如何聯(lián)合起來(lái)形成合乎語(yǔ)法的句子規(guī)則的學(xué)科
4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms. 語(yǔ)義學(xué)，以語(yǔ)言形式表示意思的研究或科學(xué)。
5. acronym : 首字母組合詞，首字母縮略詞，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它們可以連拼，但VOA是Initialism。
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 換喻或轉(zhuǎn)喻，一種，一個(gè)詞或詞組被另一個(gè)與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用華盛頓代替美政府或用劍代替軍事力量，對(duì)面來(lái)了三個(gè)“紅領(lǐng)巾”也是，以紅領(lǐng)巾指代少先隊(duì)員。
7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare). 明喻, 一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進(jìn)行比較，通常在由 like或 as引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)中，如 “我的離開(kāi)好象是冬天來(lái)臨”或“你對(duì)我的思想就象食物對(duì)于生命一樣重要”（莎士比亞）
8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage (Shakespeare) 隱喻一種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)手法，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來(lái)指代他物，從而暗示它們之間的相似之處，如 “憂愁之海”或“整個(gè)世界一臺(tái)戲”(莎士比亞) the ship of desert（沙漠之舟）。
9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修飾法, 一種把互相矛盾或不調(diào)和的詞合在一起的修辭手法，如震耳欲聾的沉默和悲傷的樂(lè)觀。
10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.
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